Conclusion: in order to rationally achieve a moral end, one
must will the necessary means.
EP1: The act of duty demands a person to obtain a good will.
(9)
EP1a: A rational being is not
exercising a good will when he does what he knows is wrong. (10)
EP1b:One will be exercising a good
will only if he does what he does because it is right, and not because he expects
some reward in the end. (12)
EP2: This concept of duty is not one we get from experience.
(17)
IP1: Experiencing instances of duty will not lead one to a
moral end.
EP3: Moral demands apply to all rational beings and allow no
exceptions. (22)
IP2: In order to achieve a moral end, one must follow his conception
of laws.
EP4: Everything in nature works in accordance to laws. (23)
EP5: Rational beings obtain a will that lets them act as
they think they should and not be pushed around by laws and forces. (23)
IP3: One’s will is nothing but practical reason.
EP6: Practical reason determines the will to choose only
that which is practically necessary and good. (24)
EP7: The determination by one’s reason to choose something
that is good allows a rational being to have judgment. (25)
EP8: One’s judgment that one should act in one way or
another falls into two different imperatives. (25)
EP8a: Hypothetical
imperative: one’s practical force depends upon the
particular ends that are being
satisfied. (25)
EP8b: Categorical imperative: one’s
practical force is not dependent on the outcome or end. (26)
EP9: Morality requires that people act in certain ways not
to achieve a particular end but to act unconditionally, whether or not that furthers
the ends. (27)
EP10: Failures of practical rationality are failures to take
what one recognizes to be the necessary steps to achieving one’s ends while not
abandoning the ends. (27)
EP11: To adopt a moral end is to set oneself to be the cause
of achieving that end. (27)
EP12: The idea of one being the cause of achievement in an end,
contains the idea of one doing whatever he believes is necessary. (28)
